Nature & Development
Reading I
Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track: A Project of National Pride
A. Complete the crossword puzzle below with the words from the text.
ACROSS
| No. | Clue | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 3. | weak and without protection | vulnerable |
| 5. | the amount by which something is less than what is needed | deficit |
| 6. | to provide with a space | accommodation |
| 8. | events that cause great harm and misery | calamity |
| 10. | using new methods or ideas | innovative |
⬇️ DOWN
| No. | Clue | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | things that limit or control what you can do | constraints |
| 2. | to make an action or a process possible or easier | facilitate |
| 4. | the state of being crowded | congestion |
| 7. | the physical movement of goods from one point to another | quarrying |
| 9. | to collect or increase something gradually | accumulate |
📝 B. Complete the following sentences choosing the best alternatives.
| Question | Correct Answer |
|---|---|
| a. The total length of KTFT from Khokana to Nijgadh is ........ | ans. 1. 72.5 km |
| b. Nepal can reduce the consumption of petroleum products after completing KTFT as it .... | ans. iii. shortens travel time |
| c. The main challenge of the project upon completion is .... | ans. iii. establishing link roads |
| d. According to the writer, the success of completing the project depends on .... | ans. ii. technology |
📚 C. Answer these questions.
a. What type of project is Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track?
ans. Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track is a mega highway project of strategic importance to Nepal. It is intended to establish a faster and more effective transportation link between Kathmandu and the Terai.
b. How is KTFT going to reduce the consumption of petrol in Nepal?
ans. The fast track will shorten the route between Kathmandu and the Terai. Consequently, vehicles will spend less time on the road and consume less fuel while travelling between the two regions. The project is expected to save more than NRs. five billion in fuel every day, which will help reduce the country's petroleum consumption.
c. Will this project help promote tourism in Nepal? How?
ans. Yes, the project is likely to encourage tourism by improving road accessibility. Tourists entering Nepal through the southern border will have a faster and more convenient route towards Kathmandu. The improved connection can also make Nepal easier to reach for visitors travelling from other places beyond India.
d. How does this project contribute to the development of high-skill human resources in Nepal?
ans. KTFT involves the construction of technically complex structures, including high bridges and twin tunnels. Such work requires the application of advanced technology. Nepalese workers engaged in the project can therefore acquire practical experience, modern construction techniques, and specialized technical knowledge, helping to increase the country's skilled workforce.
e. How does the project help the people living in the Eastern Terai?
ans. The fast track will give the people of the Eastern Terai a quicker connection with Kathmandu through Nijgadh. This improved transportation can make healthcare, education, employment, and market facilities more accessible. Local businesses can benefit from reduced transportation costs, potentially making goods more affordable for consumers. The better connection with the capital will also support Nijgadh International Airport and contribute to development in the region.
🌳 D. How is KTFT likely to affect the environment? Discuss.
ans.
The construction and operation of KTFT may influence the environment in both favourable and unfavourable ways. While an efficient highway can reduce some transportation-related environmental problems, construction itself may disturb natural resources and habitats.
🌱 Positive Effects
- •The shorter and more efficient route can decrease travelling time and fuel consumption.
- •Less congestion in Kathmandu may result in fewer vehicle emissions.
- •During disasters or emergency situations, the route can make it easier to deliver essential supplies quickly.
⚠️ Negative Effects
- •Forest areas may be cleared for construction, causing deforestation and reducing wildlife habitats.
- •Construction work can produce dust and other forms of air pollution.
- •Heavy machinery and other construction activities may increase noise pollution.
- •Careless disposal of construction waste can pollute nearby water sources.
- •Disturbance to natural habitats can harm biodiversity and negatively affect local ecosystems.
Therefore, although KTFT can improve transportation efficiency, proper environmental protection measures are necessary to minimize the harmful effects of its construction.
✏️ Grammar I
🧩 A. Match the sentence halves in A with B to form sentences.
| Sentence | Correct Matching Half |
|---|---|
| a. Hurry up! We're leaving .... | ans. ii. in ten minutes. |
| b. They'll be watching a movie in a theatre ...... | ans. iv. at this time next week. |
| c. We will have arrived home ... | ans. v. by this time Sunday. |
| d. It's definite. My friends and I are going to travel .... | ans. iii. next winter. |
| e. I think he will be rich and famous .... | ans. i. one day. |
📝 B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
| No. | Completed Sentence |
|---|---|
| a. | ans. As per the schedule, the exam is going to start at exactly 11 o'clock. |
| b. | ans. See you at the airport! I will be carrying an orange suitcase. |
| c. | ans. Don't worry! I won't leave without you. |
| d. | ans. We definitely won't have finished all the work by this week. |
| e. | ans. Sagun has decided that she is going to invite some of her friends for dinner after work. |
| f. | ans. Will the receptionist remember to call the students this afternoon? |
| g. | ans. What are you going to do at the weekend? |
| h. | ans. I won't be working tomorrow, so we can go shopping. |
| i. | ans. If you touch the stove, you will burn yourself. |
| j. | ans. Next week at this time, we will be flying to Dubai for a trip. |
✍️ Writing I
There may be different development works ongoing in your community. Study one of them and write a report on it. Take the text in Reading I as a sample.
Report on the Construction of a Community Library and Cultural Centre
Introduction
ans.
This report provides an account of the construction of a new community library and cultural centre in my neighbourhood. The development is being carried out to provide local residents with a modern facility for educational, cultural, and social purposes.
Project Overview
ans.
The planned centre is a two-storey building containing a variety of facilities. It will include a library, reading rooms, computer lab, auditorium, meeting rooms, and an art gallery. The project aims to create a shared environment where community members can study, attend cultural programmes, participate in meetings, and spend time in meaningful social activities.
Work on the project began in June 2021, with completion scheduled for June 2022.
Potential Benefits
ans.
The new facility is expected to bring several advantages to the community.
- •Residents will have access to a larger range of books, periodicals, and digital resources, making educational information easier to obtain.
- •The computer lab and makerspace will provide opportunities for improving digital literacy and technological skills.
- •The auditorium and other facilities will allow the community to organize lectures, exhibitions, arts programmes, and cultural events, encouraging greater community cohesion and cultural enrichment.
- •The available meeting spaces can be used for clubs, meetings, and social activities, particularly providing useful facilities for young people and elderly residents.
Budget
ans.
The project has a total estimated budget of $8 million. The required money is being collected from municipal funds, grants, and private donations. The budget has been allocated in the following areas:
| Major Expense | Allocated Amount |
|---|---|
| Construction | $5 million |
| Books and digital collection | $500,000 |
| Landscaping and site works | $750,000 |
Conclusion
ans.
The community library and cultural centre is expected to become a useful public gathering place after its completion. Besides improving access to educational materials, it will create opportunities for social interaction and cultural participation. The project also shows the municipality's effort to strengthen community infrastructure and provide facilities that contribute to a better quality of life.
Reading II:
Composed upon Westminster Bridge
Exercise
A. Consult a dictionary and write the meanings of the following words.
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| a. doth | does (archaic or poetic form of "does") |
| b. majesty | dignity, grandeur, impressive authority, exceptional beauty, power, or greatness |
| c. domes | rounded or hemispherical roof structures |
| d. glittering | shining or sparkling with bright, flickering light |
| e. splendor | great beauty, magnificence, brilliance, or distinguished quality |
| f. glideth | glides (archaic or poetic form of "glides") |
| g. mighty | possessing great power, strength, or force; formidable, influential, or impressive |
📝 B. Complete the summary of the poem choosing the correct words/phrases.
Words/Phrases: magnificence, Westminster Bridge, straightforward, the bustling city, the countryside, the morning's beauty, happily asleep, the most beautiful scene
ans.
In William Wordsworth's poem Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802, the speaker describes the magnificent view of London from Westminster Bridge. He considers the city the most beautiful scene on Earth and believes that anyone who cannot appreciate such an extraordinary sight is dull of soul. London seems to be dressed in magnificence.
The speaker observes the city during the early morning. Its landmarks are surrounded by the morning's beauty and illuminated by soft morning light. The absence of the usual London fog allows him to enjoy a clear view of the city.
The sunlight reaches the buildings in the same way that it shines over the countryside. Although London is normally the bustling city, it appears unusually quiet and peaceful. The River Thames moves gently below the bridge, while the city seems happily asleep before the activities of another day begin.
📚 C. Answer these questions.
a. When was the poem composed?
ans. The poem was composed on September 3, 1802.
b. According to the speaker, who is dull of soul?
ans. The speaker regards someone as dull of soul if that person cannot recognize and enjoy the remarkable beauty of London as seen from Westminster Bridge.
c. How does the poet describe the beauty of morning?
ans. The poet portrays the morning as a magnificent and tranquil period. The soft light, clear atmosphere, and complete peacefulness make the scene exceptionally beautiful and moving.
d. What does the word 'garment' refer to? Who is wearing it?
ans. The word "garment" symbolizes the beauty of the morning. London is personified as wearing this beautiful garment.
e. How does the poet feel when he sees such a beautiful sight?
ans. The poet is profoundly affected by the scene. Its extraordinary beauty fills him with wonder and admiration and creates a powerful emotional experience.
f. Why does the poet use words like valley, rock, and hill?
ans. The poet uses "valley," "rock," and "hill" to suggest that the morning light beautifies every part of the landscape. These natural images also enable him to compare London's architectural beauty with the beauty of nature.
g. What impression of London does the speaker create? How does he do that?
ans. The speaker presents London as calm, silent, bright, and magnificent. He achieves this effect by describing the city's unusual stillness and showing how its buildings and surroundings appear radiant in the morning light.
h. What is the main theme of the poem?
ans. The poem explores the speaker's deep admiration for the beauty of London and its surroundings. It particularly emphasizes the peaceful splendour of the city and the powerful effect that this early-morning scene has on the poet.
✏️ Grammar II
📝 A. Choose the correct answers and complete the text.
ans.
My uncle's family usually comes to stay with us for Dashain, but this Dashain we are going to visit them instead. They live in a village in Kalikot. I can hardly wait. I will have a fantastic time there. School holidays are going to start on Friday, and we are going to leave the following morning. At this time next week, I will have trekked to Rara Lake with my cousin, Sunil. He's an experienced trekker, and I am going to practise rock climbing with him every day. On the last day of our visit, Sunil's dad is going to take us to visit Manma, the district headquarters. I hope by then I will have explored a lot about the life of people in Karnali. I will have got a lot of experience of trekking by the time we get back to Kathmandu after Dashain.
📝 B. Complete each sentence using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Use the future simple, be going to, future continuous, future perfect, or future perfect continuous tenses.
a. Tennis practice starts at 10, and we plan to play for two hours. (finish)
ans. By 12 o'clock, we will have finished.
b. The phone is ringing! (answer)
ans. I am going to answer the phone.
c. Do you want to come to the disco with us? (come)
ans. Are you coming?
e. Let's hurry up. The children are alone at home. (stay)
ans. By the time we reach home, the children will have been alone at home for two hours.
f. Their plane lands at 7:30. Let's get there earlier. (wait)
ans. At 7 o'clock, we will be waiting.
📝 Writing II
Imagine you are the secretary of the Child Club of your school. Write a notice on behalf of your Child Club about a programme that you are going to organise soon.
Ashok Public School, Banke
NOTICE
CHILD CLUB ACTIVITY
ans.
This notice is issued to inform all students that the Child Club is organizing a Drawing and Painting Competition in celebration of Children's Day on November 14, 2023.
The event is open to students of Classes 1 to 10. The theme chosen for the competition is "Environment and Nature." Participants may create drawings or paintings connected with the given theme and may select any medium they prefer, including pencil colouring, watercolours, poster colours, etc.
Students who are interested in displaying their artistic skills and ideas are encouraged to participate in the competition.