Health and Wellness
Reading I
A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| a. nightmare | iii. a very unpleasant or frightening experience |
| b. pediatric | iv. relating to the medical care of children |
| c. intravenous | v. into or connected to a vein |
| d. priority | ii. a thing that is regarded as more important than others |
| e. medications | i. treatment using drugs |
| f. confidante | ix. a person with whom private matters and problems are discussed |
| g. deprivation | viii. the lack of something considered to be a necessity |
| h. vulnerable | vi. in need of special care, support, or protection |
| i. dreadful | vii. very bad or unpleasant |
B. Write True for true and False for false statements.
| Statements | Answer |
|---|---|
| a. The sender of the letter was happy with the service of the health workers. | False |
| b. The staff of different departments in the hospital had harmonious relationships with each other. | False |
| c. The hospital staff were concerned with the requirements of the sick child. | False |
| d. The staff of the hospital shared their personal feelings with the writer. | False |
| e. The chart was unclear about the patient’s gender. | True |
| f. The author took the mistakes of the health workers normally. | False |
| g. The writer seems to be more sincere in her duty than the hospital staff. | True |
C. Answer the following questions.
a. What was the nightmare for the author?
=> Answer: The author experienced her daughter’s illness and severe fever as a frightening and painful situation.
b. What do you think the main purpose of this letter is?
=> Answer: The writer’s principal aim is to raise her dissatisfaction regarding the hospital’s service and the staff’s conduct. She wants the health workers to understand that patients require not only medical attention but also patience, understanding, and compassionate treatment.
c. According to the author, what was the main weakness of the hospital staff?
=> Answer: The principal shortcomings of the hospital staff were their careless approach to the patient’s needs and their discourteous behaviour toward the patient’s family.
d. Did the nurses really say “your daughter is not a priority”? Why did the author think so?
=> Answer: No, the nurses did not directly utter the statement, “Your daughter is not a priority.” The author felt this way because a nurse stressed how busy she was, which suggested to the author that her daughter’s urgent condition was not receiving adequate importance.
e. What do the patients and their families expect from the health workers?
=> Answer: Patients and their relatives expect health workers to provide appropriate treatment, behave politely, understand their difficulties, and respond to them with empathy.
f. List the questions that the author was asked frequently in the hospital.
=> Answer: The author was repeatedly asked:
- •Was your daughter premature?
- •Was your delivery normal?
g. Why did the health workers make gender error about the author’s daughter?
=> Answer: The health workers incorrectly identified the child’s gender because the child generally remained in a diaper at the hospital. They also failed to properly examine the paperwork that contained the correct information about the child’s gender.
h. According to the author, how do people perceive the career of health workers?
=> Answer: The author explains that people generally view health care as a noble career. They expect health workers to dedicate themselves to helping ill people recover and become healthy again.
D. If you become a health worker in the future, what would be your priority? How would you treat your patients and their families?
Ans: If I became a health worker, my greatest concern would be the health, comfort, and dignity of every patient. I would make an effort to understand their problems by listening carefully and responding to them with patience and compassion.
I would treat patients respectfully and make sure that their family members were also treated with courtesy. During difficult medical situations, I would communicate important information clearly and honestly while considering the emotions of the family.
I would also maintain a high professional standard by following evidence-based medical practices and keeping my medical knowledge up to date. Along with treating physical illness, I would pay attention to the emotional and mental condition of patients because proper care involves the whole person.
I would never allow a busy schedule to make me forget the human side of health care. Every patient deserves attention, understanding, and dignified treatment. Therefore, I would combine medical competence with kindness and genuine concern for those under my care.
📚 Grammar I — Reported Speech
B. Change the following sentences into indirect speech. The beginning of each sentence is given.
a. “Please, help me fix this machine.”
=> Answer: She requested me to help her fix the machine.
b. “Please, don’t switch on the fan.”
=> Answer: The electrician requested me not to switch on the fan.
c. “Help me with my homework, please.”
=> Answer: My friend requested me to help with his homework.
d. “Lend me some money, please.”
=> Answer: She requested me to lend her some money.
e. “Do your homework!”
=> Answer: The teacher told me to do my homework.
f. “Don’t smoke!”
=> Answer: The doctor advised him not to smoke.
g. “Don’t make a mess!”
=> Answer: My mother told me not to make a mess.
✉️ Writing I — Letter or Email Writing
The letter in Reading I talks about different weaknesses of the health care workers in a hospital. Imagine you are one of the staff of the hospital. Now, write an email to the patient's mother apologising for your behaviour. Assure her that there will be an improvement in the services your hospital provides.
Dear Sarah,
I hope you are doing well. I am writing to sincerely apologise for the unpleasant experience you and your daughter had during your recent stay at our hospital. I am deeply sorry that our service and behaviour caused you additional worry and disappointment during an already difficult situation.
As a member of the hospital staff, I recognise that our first responsibility is to care for patients and support their families. Unfortunately, the way we communicated and responded to you did not reflect the level of care and professionalism that we should have provided. I sincerely regret this.
We have taken your concerns seriously and recognise that improvements are necessary. We will place greater emphasis on respectful communication, empathy, cooperation, and timely attention to patients. Our staff will also work more effectively together so that similar shortcomings do not occur in the future.
We are committed to improving our services through additional staff training and workshops. These programmes will focus particularly on communication, patient-centred care, and appropriate interaction with patients and their families.
We want every patient who comes to our hospital to feel respected, understood, and properly cared for. Your experience has reminded us of the importance of maintaining both professional responsibility and human compassion in health care.
Once again, please accept my sincere apology for the stress and inconvenience you experienced. We are grateful for your feedback and will use it to improve our services.
Sincerely,
Shriram Lamichhane
Reading II
A. Consult a dictionary or the internet and define the following words/phrases.
| Words/Phrases | Meanings |
|---|---|
| a. wonderfood | It refers to food that is exceptionally nutritious and good for health. |
| b. cardiovascular diseases | These are diseases or health conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. |
| c. bioeconomy | It is economic activity involving the use of biotechnology and biomass in the production of goods, services, or energy. |
| d. demographic change | It is a change in population size and structure caused by birth, death, and migration. |
| e. multidisciplinary approach | It involves experts from multiple fields working together to solve problems or conduct research and achieve a common goal. |
| f. economic inequalities | These are differences among individuals in terms of their wealth or money. |
| g. neurological disorders | These are a broad category of disorders that affect the nervous system. |
| h. biomarkers | They are biological molecules found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues that indicate a normal or abnormal process, condition, or disease. |
B. Complete the sentences below with one of the words in red from the text above.
a. The children were especially delighted that there were enough cookies for each of them to have two.
b. The organization held its annual conference in New York this year. The health ministers of more than forty countries attended it.
c. It is innovation that makes any organization a successful one.
d. Your life changes dramatically if you perform well in your study.
e. Mr. Gurung is leaving the job because of chronic/cardiovascular disease.
f. Early diagnosis of a disease helps us to cure it soon.
g. We have faced an unprecedented level of climate change at present.
h. The patient may need blood work or other biomarkers to determine his specific health problem.
i. The world looked for different multidisciplinary approaches to find the solution to COVID-19.
C. Choose the best alternatives to complete the following sentences.
a. The greatest public health challenge at present is………..
=> Answer: iii. obesity
b. The Joint Programming Initiative will bring the ______ of member states together.
=> Answer: iv. Knowledge
c. The health care innovation chain begins from……
=> Answer: i. researchers
d. The need behind multidisciplinary approach is………
=> Answer: iv. the lack of progress in research and innovation.
e. Through this speech, the speaker wants to……….
=> Answer: iv. appeal the members of EU for collaboration for research and innovation
D. Answer the following questions.
a. What topic is the speaker talking about when she says, “It’s a topic that’s never out of the media…?”
=> Answer: The speaker is referring to the issue of healthy diets and lifestyles. These subjects remain widely discussed because of their close connection with people’s health.
b. According to the speaker, what is the cause of obesity among children in the EU?
=> Answer: The speaker attributes childhood obesity in the EU mainly to unhealthy dietary habits and insufficient physical activity.
c. What should people do to prevent themselves from diseases like type 2 diabetes?
=> Answer: People should improve their daily habits by choosing healthier food and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Such changes can help protect them from diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
d. What is Horizon 2020?
=> Answer: Horizon 2020 is Europe’s 80-billion-euro research and innovation programme designed to tackle society’s biggest challenges.
e. Why is research very important to fight against the health challenges?
=> Answer: Research is important because it can improve treatment and care for patients while also identifying ways to prevent diseases before they affect a larger number of people.
f. What result can Horizon 2020 give if it is implemented effectively?
=> Answer: Proper implementation of Horizon 2020 can bring considerable advancement in research and innovation, particularly in the fields of healthy diets and healthy living.
g. What results does the speaker expect from the conference?
=> Answer: The speaker expects the conference to strengthen cooperation among member countries in research and innovation so that major health challenges can be addressed. She also hopes that the Strategic Research Agenda will be implemented.
h. Do you think that the people of the EU will be benefitted by this conference? If yes, what benefits will they get?
=> Answer: Yes, the people of the EU can gain several benefits from the conference:
- •Joint research and innovation can improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of different diseases.
- •Greater progress can be achieved in promoting healthy diets and lifestyles.
- •Researchers can give more attention to nutrition, health-related diseases, and ageing.
- •Patients can receive advantages from improved products, treatments, services, and health strategies.
E. Draft a short speech entitled, ‘Importance of Exercise for Healthy Life’.
Ans:
Good morning everyone.
Today, I am pleased to speak about the importance of exercise in achieving a healthy life.
Exercise refers to physical activity that keeps our body fit and helps maintain good health. It can include simple activities such as walking and household work as well as more active forms such as jogging, swimming, cycling, and playing sports. Regular physical movement is beneficial not only for the body but also for the mind.
One of the important roles of exercise is controlling body weight. Physical activity uses calories and helps prevent the accumulation of excessive body fat. As a result, regular exercise can reduce the risk of obesity.
Exercise also plays an important role in keeping the cardiovascular system healthy. It can help manage blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and lower the likelihood of heart disease and stroke.
Another benefit is the improvement of muscular and bone strength. Regular activity helps develop stronger muscles, improves endurance, supports bone density, and reduces the possibility of osteoporosis.
The effects of exercise extend to mental health as well. Physical activity can reduce stress and anxiety, improve mood, and help in dealing with depression. It can also support cognitive abilities and slow certain forms of age-related decline.
Therefore, exercise should become a regular part of our lifestyle. We do not always need strenuous workouts to benefit from physical activity. Even moderate exercise, when done consistently, can reduce the risk of several chronic illnesses and improve general well-being.
To conclude, everyone should choose an enjoyable form of physical activity and make time for it regularly. A commitment to exercise can help us enjoy a healthier, happier, and longer life.
Thank you.
📖 Grammar II
A. Circle the correct words to complete these sentences.
a. The doctor told me do/to do some exercise every day.
=> Answer: The doctor told me to do some exercise every day.
b. She said, “Don’t shout / Not to shout.”
=> Answer: She said, “Don’t shout.”
c. The doctor forbade me to eat / not to eat junk food.
=> Answer: The doctor forbade me to eat junk food.
d. I told her, “To speak / Speak slowly.”
=> Answer: I told her, “Speak slowly.”
e. Sumina promised to tell no one / not to tell anyone.
=> Answer: Sumina promised not to tell anyone.
f. My mother said, “To get / Get out of bed early.”
=> Answer: My mother said, “Get out of bed early.”
g. The mountain guide warned him to take / not to take the oxygen cylinder.
=> Answer: The mountain guide warned him not to take the oxygen cylinder.
h. Sugam said to me, “Go/To go home and take a rest.”
=> Answer: Sugam said to me, “Go home and take a rest.”
i. He ordered us we go out / to get out of his way.
=> Answer: He ordered us to get out of his way.
j. The librarian requested them please do not make / not to make a noise.
=> Answer: The librarian requested them not to make a noise.
B. Change the following sentences into indirect speech. Use the reporting verbs in brackets.
a. “Bring some sugar, Punita,” she said. (ask)
=> Answer: She asked Punita to bring some sugar.
b. “You must submit your assignment soon,” the teacher said. (tell)
=> Answer: The teacher told us that we had to submit our assignment soon.
c. “Remember to come early, Anu,” he said. (remind)
=> Answer: He reminded Anu to come early.
d. “You should see a doctor, Mrs. Tamang,” he said. (advise)
=> Answer: He advised Mrs. Tamang that she should see a doctor.
e. “Keep all the windows open, Nona,” my father said. (warn)
=> Answer: My father warned Nona to keep all the windows open.
f. “Go home, Prashun,” Furba said. (tell)
=> Answer: Furba told Prashun to go home.
C. Report the following sentences in direct speech.
a. The hermit said, “Don’t idle away your time.”
=> Answer: The hermit told me not to idle away my time.
b. Maan said to his friend, “Please help me with money.”
=> Answer: Maan requested his friend to help him with money.
c. “Be not afraid, noble prince,” said the Guru.
=> Answer: The Guru told the noble prince not to be afraid.
d. He said to me, “Let me do my work.”
=> Answer: He told me to let him do his work.
e. The General said to his troops, “Guard the fort.”
=> Answer: The General told his troops to guard the fort.
f. Aaswin said to the teacher, “Please excuse me, madam.”
=> Answer: Aaswin requested the teacher to excuse him.
g. The guide said to the visitors, “Follow me carefully.”
=> Answer: The guide told the visitors to follow him carefully.
h. My teacher said to me, “Don’t look behind.”
=> Answer: My teacher told me not to look behind.
i. Mother said to the daughter, “Get ready to receive the guests.”
=> Answer: Mother told the daughter to get ready to receive the guests.
j. The boy said to the daughter, “Get ready to receive the guests.”
=> Answer: The boy told the daughter to get ready to receive the guests.
k. The teacher said to the boys, “Read silently.”
=> Answer: The teacher told the boys to read silently.
l. The coach said, “Let’s play a friendly football match.”
=> Answer: The coach suggested to us that we should play a friendly football match.
m. The monk said to us, “Give up bad habits.”
=> Answer: The monk told us to give up bad habits.
n. Father said to me, “Do not tell a lie.”
=> Answer: Father told me not to tell a lie.
✍️ Writing II
Obesity has become a matter of concern in recent years. Draft a speech on obesity based on the given guiding questions.
Ans:
Good morning/afternoon, everyone.
Today, I would like to draw your attention to obesity, a major health concern that has become increasingly serious in recent years.
Obesity is a condition in which excessive body fat reaches a level that can negatively affect health. A person with a Body Mass Index of 30 or higher is considered obese.
The increasing number of obese people shows the seriousness of this problem. More than 650 million adults worldwide are currently obese, and in certain countries more than 30% of adults are affected. Childhood obesity is also a growing concern, with its rate having tripled over the past few decades.
Obesity can have serious consequences for human health. It increases the risk of illnesses such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, and some cancers. It is also an important cause associated with premature death around the world.
Several factors can lead to obesity rather than one single cause. Genetic influences, unhealthy food choices, changes in lifestyle, insufficient physical activity, mental health problems, and hormonal imbalances may all contribute to the condition.
Dealing with obesity requires action at different levels. Individuals should try to maintain a balanced and nutritious diet while controlling excessive calorie consumption. Regular physical activity of at least 30 minutes every day can also help. At the community and policy level, health education should be strengthened, nutritious food should be made more accessible, and neighbourhoods should be designed in ways that encourage walking and other forms of physical activity.
In conclusion, obesity is a complicated health problem influenced by numerous personal, biological, social, and environmental factors. Individual efforts are necessary, but they should be supported by wider changes that make healthy living easier for everyone.
Thank you.