π Globalisation and Diaspora
π Ways with Words
A. Choose the words for the following meanings.
| Meaning | Answer |
|---|---|
| a. the severely damaging or destructive effects of something | Ravage |
| b. someone forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster | Refugee |
| c. to face a difficult situation | Confront |
| d. take a position of power or importance illegally or by force | Usurp |
| e. the process of becoming a part of a group, country, society, etc. | Assimilation |
| f. an area within a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct | Enclave |
C. Fill in the gaps with the correct word from the brackets.
a. I asked him if he was attending the ceremony and he shook his head 'no'. (shook/moved/nodded)
b. They made a horrible decision which caused irreparable damage to our company. (hopeless/inflexible/irreparable)
c. The leaders need to break down barriers so as to create favorable environment in the nation. (barriers/obstacles/hindrances)
d. You ought to talk to the manager to settle the dispute. (solve/settle/clear up)
e. Perhaps this issue will not get much media coverage. (security/examination/coverage)
f. This week is the first week of Joan as an in-charge. Everything is running smoothly. (smoothly/calmly/easily)
g. I haven't read the text thoroughly, but given a quick glance. (fast/quick/rapid)
π Comprehension
Answer the following questions.
a. Why did millions of Palestinians leave their country?
=> Answer: Millions of Palestinians left their country because their country had denied basic human rights to find a better life and better economic opportunities.
b. How is the global culture formed? Is cultural identity possible even in the global culture? Justify.
=> Answer: Global culture has developed largely through young generations whose lives have been shaped by major technological advancements. Their exposure to modern communication and worldwide interaction has helped create cultural connections that extend across national boundaries.
Yes, cultural identity can still survive within global culture. Social media, street journalism, and global transnational businesses help connect societies and contribute to the formation of new global cultural patterns. At the same time, globalization can make individuals more conscious of their own cultural uniqueness. Greater exposure to outside cultures may encourage people to value and protect the traditions that distinguish their own society. Therefore, participating in a global culture does not require people to abandon their individual cultural identities.
c. Why can moving from one side of the world to the other be an economic challenge for newcomers?
=> Answer: Relocating from one part of the world to another can create economic difficulties because newcomers need time to establish themselves in an unfamiliar society. They have to learn the local language, adjust to a different cultural environment, and become integrated into the labour market. These stages can make financial stability difficult to achieve initially.
d. How can immigrants foster economy at different magnitudes of scale in their new homes?
=> Answer: Immigrants can contribute to the economy of their new societies by starting and operating their own companies or businesses.
e. Can immigrants fully integrate in the new societies? Give reasons.
=> Answer: No, immigrants can't fully integrate in the new societies because the society does not open its doors fully to allow them to integrate.
f. Mention any two benefits of integrating into a new society for the immigrants.
Ans:
- β’Migrants will have equal learning, engagement, and self-esteem possibilities.
- β’The receiving nations can improve their economic prospects by integrating immigrants.
g. Why should the immigrants run in concordance with global culture?
=> Answer: Immigrants should follow global culture because the disadvantages associated with isolation and failure to converge can be more expensive and harmful than the difficulties involved in integration.
π§ Critical Thinking
a. Do you think that the local is globalized and the global is localized? Can there be the global culture as well? Give examples.
ΰ€ΰ€€ΰ₯ΰ€€ΰ€° :
The distinction between local and global life has become increasingly unclear because globalization has connected communities across national boundaries. Local goods, ideas, cultural practices, and forms of media can now travel to distant parts of the world through international communication, technology, and trade. A practice that begins in one community can therefore gain recognition on a worldwide scale.
At the same time, global influences are rarely adopted in exactly the same way everywhere. Communities modify international products, ideas, and lifestyles according to their own cultural values and local requirements. As a result, something global can acquire a distinctly local form.
These two-way influences can lead to the development of a global culture. People in different societies increasingly encounter similar experiences and interests in education, sports, music, food, fashion, and language. Although their individual traditions remain different, these shared areas create certain similarities across cultures.
Examples of global culture include:
- β’Creating a more homogenous world.
- β’Attempt to promote a Western lifestyle and possibly Americanize the world.
- β’Trend that will eventually make all of human experience and customs the same since all cultures are coming together into one.
Therefore, globalization allows local elements to spread internationally while simultaneously causing global influences to be adapted to local environments.
b. What is globalization? Discuss the effects of globalization on traditional cultures.
ΰ€ΰ€€ΰ₯ΰ€€ΰ€° :
Globalization is the process through which nations and their populations become increasingly connected and dependent on one another. It allows goods, services, finance, people, and ideas to move across national boundaries more rapidly. National and international institutions and policies also contribute to creating an environment where such exchanges can expand.
Traditional culture is influenced by the changes that accompany economic development. As people leave agricultural villages and relocate to cities, their everyday lifestyles change. Consequently, customs and festivals associated with agricultural life may gradually lose some of their former importance.
Nepal's changing lifestyle provides several examples. Bullock carts, which were once used for transportation and agricultural activities, were replaced by tractors. People once depended on letters for communication, followed by telephones and eventually smartphones. The growth of text messaging reduced the importance of voice calls and introduced new patterns of communication and social etiquette.
Electricity transformed the way people spent their evenings. The introduction of air-conditioning also influenced the way people used the areas around their homes. In earlier times, one television could bring families and neighbours together in a shared space. Today, individual screens are much more common, so entertainment has become more personal.
These examples indicate that technology, economic development, and foreign cultures can alter local behaviour and traditional lifestyles. However, such transformation does not necessarily mean that every part of a culture disappears. Certain fundamental cultural elements can continue even when particular practices change.
Thus, globalization influences traditional culture in significant ways, but it does not completely erase cultural traditions. Some aspects change according to new circumstances, while other core elements continue to survive.
c. Discuss the impacts of globalization on the process and progress of education in Nepal.
ΰ€ΰ€€ΰ₯ΰ€€ΰ€° :
Globalization of Education is the integration and application of similar education systems and knowledge throughout the world across the borders, improving the quality & deployment of education worldwide.
The effects of globalization on education in Nepal can be seen through the following developments:
- β’
Nepal has been exposed to educational models used in different parts of the world. This exposure has provided opportunities to learn from successful education systems and adopt suitable practices for improving educational standards.
- β’
Technological advancement has encouraged the adoption of newer learning techniques. E-learning and blended learning have become important examples of modern educational methods introduced through greater global connectivity.
- β’
The establishment of foreign universities in Nepal has provided students with additional opportunities to access quality education. Foreign investment has also helped improve educational facilities and infrastructure.
- β’
Education should encourage learners to understand and empathize with people from different backgrounds. Through globalization, students have greater opportunities to encounter other cultures and develop broader understanding.
- β’
Globalization has increased people's awareness of human rights and weaknesses or loopholes in governance.
Overall, globalization has supported improvements in Nepal's education system and literacy rate. However, its benefits have not been equally distributed. Educational differences between rich and poor groups and between urban and rural communities need to be reduced so that all people can make use of the opportunities created through globalization.
βοΈ Writing
Write a news story to be published in a newspaper about a local festival/fair you have witnessed.
Dashain β Then and Now
KATHMANDU, OCTOBER 26
Dashain has continued to be an important festival, but the experience of celebrating it has changed greatly over time. Modern lifestyles have brought many conveniences, yet several activities that once gave the festival its distinctive charm are gradually disappearing.
In the past, Dashain was a festival that children and families eagerly awaited. Relatives came together, cousins met after long periods, children played games, and families enjoyed special meals. For poor households, rice and meat were especially important because such food was generally enjoyed only on special occasions such as Dashain.
The appearance of kites in the sky was once a familiar indication that Dashain had arrived. Children spent hours flying kites, trying to cut one another's strings, and running after kites that fell into their neighbourhoods. Swings were another major source of enjoyment. Small children often rode with older family members because they were afraid to sit alone on the large swings. These simple activities produced lasting memories.
Today, the circumstances have changed. Food is now much easier to obtain, so having rice and meat during Dashain is not as extraordinary as it once was. Kites have become much less visible in the sky, and traditional swings are rarely seen in many open areas.
The custom of purchasing clothes has also changed. Previously, receiving new clothes during Dashain was an event that children looked forward to throughout the year. Nowadays, clothes can be purchased at almost any time, so the festival no longer creates the same contrast with ordinary days.
Even the way people preserve memories has changed. Earlier, the emphasis was on spending time with family, participating in activities, and experiencing the festival together. Today, photographs have become an important part of Dashain celebrations. Capturing special moments is not wrong, but concentrating more on photographs and showing them to others than on enjoying the moment itself can reduce the real value of the celebration.
The importance attached to blessings from elders has also weakened. Earlier, children considered these blessings extremely valuable. Today, some children focus more on the money given as gifts. The younger generation has not completely forgotten Dashain, but the traditional atmosphere and emotional charm associated with it appear to be gradually fading.
Time inevitably brings change, and adapting to a changing society is necessary. Nevertheless, modernization should not make us forget our identity, traditions, and festivals. These cultural elements preserve our heritage, connect generations, and help create meaningful memories.
π Grammar
B. Complete each sentence using what/how/where/whether + one of these verbs.
a. Do you know how to get to Ramaβs house?
b. I donβt know whether to apply for the job or not.
c. Have you decided where to go for your picnic?
d. Can you show me how to use this camera?
e. Ask Hari. Heβll tell you how to ride a bicycle.
f. I was really astonished. I didnβt know how to ride on the horse.
C. Paraphrase the following sentences using the verb in brackets as in the example.
a. Mahesh forgets to close the windows. (tend)
Mahesh tends to forget closing the windows.
b. Your car has broken down. (appear)
Your car appears to have broken down.
c. Ashika is worried about her exam. (seem)
Ashika seems to be worried about her exam.
d. They have developed the theory. (claim)
They claim to have developed the theory.
e. Heβs enjoying his new job. (pretend)
He pretends to be enjoying his new job.