🌿 Ecology and Development
📚 Ways with Words
C. Make two other words by using each prefix given above and use them in sentences.
| Prefix | Answer |
|---|
Malware – Malware and viruses could infect their computers. |
Mismatch – Their marriage was a mismatch; they had little in common. |
Unsafe – If it weren't so unsafe, he'd take her with him. |
Incapable – She'd been incapable of empathy or remorse. |
Preplan – Now, it is time to preplan a new trip. |
Illusion – These will give the illusion of a cinched waist. |
Disengage – Overcharge the Plasma Pistol and disengage a vehicle. |
Immortal – The Dark One was going to turn her immortal. |
Rewrite – We can rewrite history as much as we like. |
Irrational – These are isolated cases of irrational numbers. |
Defrost – A basic microwave oven should be able to cook, defrost and reheat. |
Nonverbal – Their nonverbal exchange made me smile. |
📖 Comprehension
a. What did Maathai decide to do for the community?
=> Answer: Maathai chose to create employment opportunities for people in the community.
b. Mention the problems faced by women in Kenya.
=> Answer: Kenyan women were struggling with malnutrition, insufficient food and safe water, unemployment, and soil erosion.
c. Why did the speaker go to the women to talk about planting trees?
=> Answer: The speaker approached the women because they were among those suffering most from shortages of firewood, poor nutrition, inadequate food and water, unemployment, and soil erosion. Their worries also extended to the wellbeing of their children and the kind of future they would have.
d. What is the most important achievement of the movement described in the text?
=> Answer: A major success of the movement was the empowerment of women. They acquired useful knowledge and practical skills, became more self-reliant, and began sharing what they had learned with other women.
e. Why were the foresters’ ways not helpful to the women for planting trees?
=> Answer: The foresters’ approach failed to help because it turned an otherwise straightforward job into a difficult procedure. Even basic tasks such as collecting seeds and putting them into the soil were made unnecessarily complicated.
f. When and how did she start The Green Belt Movement?
=> Answer: The Green Belt Movement began on World Environment Day when she planted the first seven trees.
g. Why do the donors want to provide money to the women?
=> Answer: The donors were willing to fund the women because the work they were carrying out was showing successful and encouraging outcomes.
h. What happened when the speaker criticized the political leadership?
=> Answer: After speaking critically about the political leadership, the speaker was labelled as subversive.
i. Mention the agencies that supported her movement.
=> Answer: The movement received support from the following agencies:
- •United Nations Development Fund for Women
- •Danish Voluntary Fund
- •Norwegian Agency for International Development
- •African Development Foundation
💭 Critical Thinking
a. Do you think that the title “Foresters without Diplomas” is suitable to the essay? How?
उत्तर :
Yes, the title “Foresters without Diplomas” effectively reflects the central idea of the essay. At first, professionally trained foresters were brought in to teach women how to grow trees. Their formal knowledge, however, led them to present tree planting as a much more complicated process than it actually was. The writer and her associates later introduced a simpler and more practical approach.
Without possessing professional certificates, the women learned to locate seeds in their own surroundings and identify young plants that had naturally grown from fallen seeds. Their experience and practical understanding enabled them to carry out the work successfully. In this sense, they functioned like foresters even though they had no formal diplomas, making the title highly appropriate.
b. Can a person make a difference in a society? Discuss with an example from a person who has made a difference in your society.
उत्तर :
Social problems can appear too vast for one individual to solve, yet meaningful change often begins with the initiative of a single determined person. Someone with commitment, original thinking, and the willingness to act can influence the lives of many others. Formal authority is not always necessary to make such an impact.
The contributions of individuals such as Dr. Jonas Salk and Thomas Edison illustrate this clearly. Salk's development of the polio vaccine helped protect a vast number of people from a serious disease. Edison, through his important work on electric lighting, also contributed greatly to the development of modern life. Their achievements show that individual knowledge and perseverance can produce benefits far beyond one's immediate surroundings and create lasting social change.
c. Write an essay on 'The Community Forest in Nepal'. Describe how these community forests have contributed to maintain ecology in our environment.
उत्तर :
🌳 The Community Forest in Nepal
Community forestry in Nepal represents a successful model of people-centered environmental management. It brings together government policies, local organizations, and community participation to protect forest resources while also supporting the economic wellbeing of rural people. Since agriculture remains a major source of livelihood for many Nepali families, responsible management of nearby forests has become closely connected with rural development.
The Community Forestry Program has developed considerably over the years. Its purpose is no longer limited to preventing forest destruction. It now encourages sustainable use of forest products, supports local enterprises, and helps communities improve their livelihoods. By April 2009, roughly one-third of Nepal's population had become involved in the program, while local communities were managing more than one-fourth of the country's forest area.
These forests are particularly valuable to rural households. Community members cooperate in protecting and utilizing forest resources rather than treating the forest as the responsibility of a distant authority. Forests provide useful materials and can also support activities that generate income. At the same time, participation in forest management has strengthened local institutions and encouraged communities to take a more active role in environmental protection.
From an ecological perspective, community forests have made an important contribution to Nepal. They reduce soil erosion, help conserve biodiversity, protect natural resources, and support environmental stability. Since local people are directly involved in safeguarding the forests, they are encouraged to use forest resources carefully and accept responsibility for their long-term protection.
However, community forestry still faces the issue of ensuring that forest-related benefits reach all sections of society fairly, especially women and marginalized groups. Greater participation, adaptable policies, cooperation between concerned groups, and regular learning can help make the system more equitable and sustainable.
In conclusion, community forestry serves two purposes at once: it protects Nepal's natural environment and contributes to the livelihood of rural communities. Its success demonstrates the value of collective local action in conserving resources and promoting social and economic progress.
✏️ Grammar
C. Underline the verb in each sentence and write whether it is transitive, intransitive or linking.
| Sentence | Answer |
|---|---|
| a. His father looks handsome. | looks = linking verb |
| b. Bhawana drinks milk every day. | drinks = transitive verb |
| c. He became a watchman. | became = linking verb |
| d. This bread smells good. | smells = linking verb |
| e. The dog barked loudly. | barked = intransitive verb |
| f. He chased the dog. | chased = transitive verb |
| g. My sister swims fast. | swims = intransitive verb |
| h. He painted a picture. | painted = transitive verb |
| i. Radhika always asks questions. | asks = transitive verb |
| j. Anjana has a long hair. | has = linking verb |
| k. Hungry lion roars. | roars = intransitive verb |
| l. He tried again and again. | tried = intransitive verb |
| m. The weather is hot. | is = linking verb |
| n. Owls hide in the daytime. | hide = intransitive verb |