📚 Media and Society
📝 Ways with Words
A. Find the words from the text that have the following meanings.
| Meanings | Words from the Text |
|---|---|
| a. a personal or corporate website | blog |
| b. a job requiring expertise in a particular field | profession |
| c. a feeling of sadness | disappointment |
| d. put under custody | detained |
| e. found guilty | convicted |
| f. breaking or disregarding rules or system | violating |
| g. advantages and disadvantages | pros and cons |
| h. a non-statutory monetary penalty | amercement |
B. Use the following prepositional verbs in sentences.
| Prepositional Verb | Sentence |
|---|---|
| apologize to | She apologized to all of the patients she had kept waiting. |
| adapt to | It is really hard for Jim to adapt to the new environment. |
| devote to | They devote an hour every day to worship. |
| refer to | Her mother never referred to him again. |
| reply to | The company has replied to the recent protests by posting an ad in the local newspaper. |
| admire for | I admire her dedication to the job. |
| apply for | Only genuine refugees can apply for asylum. |
| pray for | I came up here to pray for the most important things. |
| scold for | You feel a little like a scold for wanting it to buckle down and concentrate. |
| vote for | In parliament, all members voted for the new tax. |
| aim at | In the long run men hit only what they aim at. |
| arrive at | I arrive at nine o'clock. |
| glance at | With a glance at the demon lord, she stretched to grab it and rose. |
| look at | He turned and looked at her. |
| bring up | She's struggling to bring up a family alone. |
| agree on | We agree on the question. |
| comment on | She refused to comment on their decision. |
| concentrate on | She closed her eyes to concentrate hard on summoning the portal. |
| rely on | They rely on a well for all their water. |
| count on | I was counting on the money from the insurance to buy a new house. |
| grow up | It's a wonderful place to grow up. |
| escape from | He made a daring escape from his kidnappers. |
| recover from | We prayed she would recover from her illness. |
| resign from | He was forced to resign from the board in protest. |
| suffer from | All children will tend to suffer from separation from their parents and siblings. |
| separate from | South America separated from Africa 200 million years ago. |
| worry about | She always worries about his weight. |
| argue about | My two elder sisters always argue each other about politics. |
| boast about | She is boasting about how wonderful her car is. |
| dream about | dreamed about Annie all last night. |
| acquaint with | Travel will acquaint us with new customs. |
| agree with | I know you agree with me. |
| charge with | It's difficult to see charge with in a sentence. |
| trust with | My parents trust me with their life. |
| confuse with | People often confuse me and my twin brother. |
| believe in | I believe in working hard to achieve success. |
| involve in | The test will involve answering questions about a photograph. |
| succeed in | He wants to succeed in everything he does. |
| specialize in | The bakers specialize in catering for large parties. |
| absorb in | Plants absorb carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. |
📖 Comprehension
A. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words/phrases from the text.
a. People are using social media for individual as well as marketing purposes.
b. Social media is not only a platform of sharing views, but also a platform of marketing strategy.
c. The hospital wanted Prita to pay Rp. 100 million for immaterial losses.
d. Some singers organized clarified to help Prita.
e. The campaign to help Prita was able to collect Rp. 825 million.
B. Answer these questions.
a. How do you define social media?
=> Answer: Social media can be described as computer-based technology designed to help users exchange ideas, opinions and information through online networks and virtual communities.
b. Social media has been an integral part of modern life. How?
=> Answer: Modern life has become closely connected with social media because it has made communication across geographical boundaries extremely convenient. A person can contact someone in another part of the world without needing to be physically present there.
c. Why do people use Facebook and YouTube?
=> Answer: People use Facebook mainly for exchanging news in written form, while YouTube is used primarily for watching videos.
d. What is a blog? How can it be beneficial to us?
=> Answer: A blog is an online page or website that is regularly updated by an individual or a small group. It generally presents its material in a relaxed, informal and conversational manner.
=> Answer: Blogs can be helpful for developing writing ability and communicating with other people. They also provide opportunities to learn different things and gain new knowledge.
e. Was Prita’s intention bad when she sent a message to her friends?
=> Answer: No, Prita's purpose was not malicious. She sent the message because she wanted to caution her friends about being careful when accepting different kinds of services.
f. How did Prita's message become a big problem?
=> Answer: Prita's private message developed into a major problem when her friend posted or shared it on a website called The People’s Forum.
g. Why was she convicted by the court?
=> Answer: She was found guilty because the court considered her action a violation of the law related to ICT (Information and Communication Technology).
h. What was the purpose of the campaign, “Bantu Bebaskan Prita”?
=> Answer: The campaign “Bantu Bebaskan Prita" aimed to raise sufficient financial support for Prita so that she would be able to pay the amercement.
i. How are people stronger than social media?
=> Answer: Human beings are stronger than social media because they have the ability to use judgment. They can pause, consider the consequences and think carefully before speaking or taking action.
💭 Critical Thinking
a. Does social media have positive impact in the society? Discuss.
Ans:
Social media has created many useful opportunities for communication and interaction. Its easy accessibility enables people to remain connected even when they are separated by considerable distances. Services such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and similar platforms can therefore have positive effects on relationships, learning and people's general well-being.
The educational value of social media is particularly important. Learners can reach a vast quantity of information through the internet with very little effort. They can investigate subjects of interest, obtain knowledge from different sources and become familiar with a wide range of topics.
Another important contribution is the rapid spread of information. People can use social networking platforms to learn about events taking place around the world. With many individuals depending less on conventional newspapers, these digital platforms have become an important means of staying informed about social and global affairs.
Social media also makes maintaining personal relationships easier. Friends and family members living in distant countries can communicate frequently, allowing them to remain connected despite physical separation.
In addition, these platforms can create opportunities for people seeking to establish themselves. Artists who are just beginning their careers can introduce their talents to a large audience without needing substantial financial resources. Social media may also expose users to employment opportunities and help them establish professional contacts.
b. How do you compare virtual communication and face-to-face communication?
Ans:
Communication can be understood in two broad forms: direct interaction and technology-mediated interaction. Face-to-face communication depends on physical presence, whereas virtual communication makes use of digital technology to connect people who may be separated by distance.
When people communicate in person, they can directly see one another and observe physical expressions while talking. This immediate presence can make the exchange of thoughts and information easier to understand. It may also help minimize confusion and misunderstanding, which is why direct communication remains popular among friends, relatives, colleagues and other people who meet personally.
Virtual communication operates differently because the participants do not need to occupy the same physical space. Computers, the internet, email and other digital platforms allow people to communicate remotely. Technological progress has therefore reduced geographical restrictions and made it possible to send messages, share information and interact with others almost regardless of where they are located.
✍️ Writing
b. What is cyber bullying? What are its effects? How can it be stopped?
Ans:
Cyberbullying is a form of bullying carried out through electronic communication, often involving intimidating, threatening or humiliating messages. It can happen to children, teenagers and adults in different online environments. Harmful activities may include spreading false rumors, issuing threats, posting sexual comments, revealing someone's personal information and using hateful language. Social networking sites, SMS, email and online games are among the places where such behavior can occur.
The problem has several dimensions and can seriously affect its victims. Unlike some forms of traditional bullying, cyberbullying may follow a person even when they return home. Continuous exposure to online harassment can make victims feel insecure and helpless. Its consequences may involve mental, emotional and physical harm, and these effects can remain for an extended period. Victims may develop low self-esteem and other harmful emotional responses, while severe cases may even lead to suicidal tendencies.
Effective prevention requires immediate attention and continuous awareness. Children should be taught from an early age how to behave safely online and how to recognize harmful digital behavior. Parents also have an important responsibility to observe their children's online activities and control excessive internet use. Most importantly, every case of cyberbullying should be reported without unnecessary delay. Immediate reporting can help stop the behavior and reduce the possibility of additional incidents.
🔤 Grammar
B. Complete the following sentences using the correct prepositions of direction: to, toward, onto, or into.
a. Prem drove Milan to the airport.
b. The plane landed onto the runway.
c. The kids climbed onto the monkey bars.
d. Manish and Richa moved the table into the dining room.
e. Ganesh almost fell into the river.
f. Lalit and Sarita took the bus that was heading toward the university.
C. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition from the brackets.
a. While we were hiking through the forest, we saw a mountain lion.
(across/through/along/under)
b. The leopards walked in a circle round the baby giraffe before they attacked.
(into/towards/round/through)
c. Go out of the building and turn left.
(into/up/off/out of)
d. She ran away from home when she was eighteen.
(towards/away from/down/across)
e. Raindrops ran down the windscreen making it difficult to see the road.
(into/up/down/over)
f. Hemanta put the plate onto the table and began to eat his dinner.
(onto/into/up/off)
g. The frightened deer disappeared into the forest.
(up/onto/into/toward)
h. We were driving towards the City Centre when we had an accident.
(up/into/towards/along)
i. The smoke from the fire went up into the sky.
(into/up/to/onto)